History And Struggles Of Puerto Rican People - 2821 Words

I will bring awareness to the history and struggles of the Puerto Rican people. I will relate the struggles of not being recognized in society, being discriminated against, and not being able to vote unless living in the states despite the fact we are born United States citizens. These conditions are identical to what Zinn states happened to slaves in his book, â€Å"A People History of the United States.† (Chapter 6) I will also speak on the advancements Puerto Ricans have made today as compared to 40 years ago, and how it has influenced me today as a Puerto Rican women. Puerto Rico is a small island in the Caribbean. It was first settled around 1000 A.D. by the Taino Indians and called Borinquen. In 1493, Christopher Columbus claimed it for Spain but it wasn’t until the arrival of Juan Ponce de Leon in 1508 that Spain began to colonize and rule over the land and its native people. The Taino Indians believed the Spanish colonizers had divine powers and to test their th eory they captured a Spaniard and drowned him. It is said that they watched him for several days until they were sure he was dead. When they learned that the Spanish were mortal, they revolted against them but with no success. As punishment, Ponce De Leon ordered 6,000 shot; survivors fled the mountains or left the island. After being settled by Spain and being enslaved, the native population was nearly wiped out by disease and war. The Spanish then began brining African slaves to the island to replace the IndianShow MoreRelated The History of Puerto Ricans Migration to the United States1531 Words   |  7 PagesThe History of Puerto Ricans Migration to the United States Immigration to the United States has been occurring for centuries now. For years people from all different parts of the globe have dreamed of living in the United States, which is known to many foreigners as the land of opportunity. There are so many ethnic groups that exist in the United States that it has become known as the melting pot of the world. The Puerto Ricans migration to the United States was not an easy processRead MoreMigration Problems for Puerto Ricans1681 Words   |  7 PagesPuerto Rico is a Spanish speaking region made up of one big island and a few smaller islands in the Caribbean Sea. It belongs to the U.S as an â€Å"unincorporated† territory. It was a place where the country’s constitution does not apply by default. Puerto Ricans are considered Americans. If you are automatically born in Puerto Rico, you are automatically a U.S citizen. They use U.S passports to travel internationally. Some people are inclined to view the Puerto Rican exp erience as a historical repetitionRead MoreCross Cultural Project : Puerto Rican924 Words   |  4 Pages9-30-15 Puerto Rican is the populations and residents of Puerto Rico. Puerto Rico is a multi-ethnic state where home is different ethnic to people and nationwide backgrounds, but the result of some Puerto Ricans does not luxury their population as an ethnicity, but as a nationality with numerous civilizations and nationwide backgrounds including the Puerto Rican people. Puerto Rican is and notwithstanding its multi-ethnic structure of the culture apprehended in a joined by the greatest Puerto RicansRead MoreSilencing Race : Disentangling Blackness, Colonialism, And National Identities962 Words   |  4 PagesBlackness, Colonialism, and National Identities in Puerto Rico, she reconstructs defining historical moments between the 1870s and 1910s when over-racialized boundaries became politically expedient in the building of a cohesive Puerto Rican national identity. Ileana M. Rodrà ­guez-Silva is an associate professor of Latin American and Caribbean history at the University of Washington, Department of History. She earned her B.A. at the Universidad de Puerto Rico-Rio Piedras and her M.A. and Ph.D. at theRead More The Racial Struggles of Puerto Ricans Essay1728 Words   |  7 PagesThe Racial Struggles of Puerto Ricans Another large component of Puerto Ricanness is Race. All of the different cultures that have throughout history combined to form Puerto Rico effect their nationality, history, lifestyles, traditions, music, and foods. The discovery or infiltration of the island of Borinquen (or Puerto Rico as it was later renamed) in 1493 by Spain resulted in the decimation of the native Taino population. With the loss of an immediate source of cheap labor to work theRead MoreThe Story Of The Puerto Rican People Is Quite Unique In1698 Words   |  7 PagesThe story of the Puerto Rican people is quite unique in the history of U.S. immigration, just as Puerto Rico dwell a distinctive and sometimes confusing position in the nation’s civic fabric. Puerto Rico has been ownership of the U.S. for more than a century, however it has never been a state. Puerto Ricans have been U.S. citizens since 1917, but even with that they still have no vote in Congress. Being citizens of the U.S. they can move throughout the fifty states without any problems just as anyRead MoreYoung Lords Essay Outline742 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"Palante† was one of the famous phrases of the Young Lords to invite the people to join t heir movement. This motto means that you have to move forward and never go back. The Young Lords started in the 60s and was a big movement started by Puerto Ricans in New York. Jose â€Å"cha,cha† Jimenez† was one of seven founders of the Young Lords.. The founders of Young Lords get inspired by Black Panthers movement to inspire other people. The purpose of the Young Lords was to improve public health, achieve theRead MoreDiabetics1133 Words   |  5 PagesElosegui 1 Jonathan Elosegui Paola Brown English 102 10 March 2008 Puerto Rico walks away from commonwealth. I will not pledge allegiance to the flag of the United States of America and to the republic for which it stands. This must be the words of thousands of Puerto Ricans living in the island today wishing that their small island would once and for all become free from the colonization of the United States. Puerto Rico has been living under U.S. domination for the past 92 years and it’s consideredRead Mo reEssay about Puerto Rican Migration to Nyc1142 Words   |  5 PagesChristine Costanzo Puerto Rican Migration to New York City The story of the Puerto Rican people is unique in the history of U.S. immigration, just as Puerto Rico occupies a distinctive—and sometimes confusing—position in the nation’s civic fabric. Puerto Rico has been a possession of the U.S. for more than a century, but it has never been a state. Its people have been U.S. citizens since 1917, but they have no vote in Congress. As citizens, the people of Puerto Rico can move throughout theRead MoreHispanic Groups in the United States1260 Words   |  6 PagesGROUPS IN THE UNITED STATES Hispanic Groups in the United States Harley D. Palmer ETH 125 September 5, 2010 Dr. Carol Grant Hispanics in the United States have a history rooted for centuries. Many different cultures make up this group dubbed ‘Hispanics’, each with their own identity, culture, and struggles. However, they do group together in a common fight to gain a more stable and positive foot hold in the U.S. Mexican Americans seem to have the strongest and yet weakest position

The Sociology of Women A Study - 4847 Words

Sociology of Women Table of Contents 13 Myths and Misconceptions about Trans Women 3 Abortion is every womans right 4 Women with Disabilities: The Double Discrimination 5 Sex Segregation in the Workplace 6 The Fourth Wave of Feminism- Psychoanalytic Perspectives Introductory Remarks 7 The Social Construction of Sexuality 8 Masculinity as Homophobia Fear, Shame, and Silence in the Construction of Gender Identity 9 Homophobia as a Weapon of Sexism 10 Before Spring Break, the Anorexic Challenge 11 Oppression - Marilyn Frye 12 Personal Voices: Facing Up to Race 13 Income Gap between Men and Women 14 Brass Shackles and Chinese Foot Binding 15 If Men Could Menstruate 16 Barbie Girls v The Sea monsters 17 Rape Culture in the U.S. Military 18 Touch Me, Touch Me Not - Gender, Caste, and the Indian Womens Movement 19 Night to His Day: The Social Construction of Gender 20 Saudi Rape Case Spurs Calls for Reform 21 13 Myths and Misconceptions about Trans Women Trans woman is a transgender person with a female gender identity. Several myths and misconceptions are associated with Trans women. It is commonly believed that penis is cut off but this is a false perception. Inversion method is used to convert penis to female genital organs. Another myth about Trans women is that they are appropriating the female body, but appropriation refers to co-opting someone elses individuality, trans women do not do that, it just expresses its ownShow MoreRelatedDorothy E. Smith1454 Words   |  6 Pagescareer in the publishing field, but soon realized women were not welcomed or respected. Due to the disappointing job prospects, Smith decided to enroll in college. She was accepted to the London School of Economics and achieved a bachelor’s degree in sociology with a major in social anthropology. Smith went to the University of California at Berkeley in 1955 and later earned a PhD in sociology. There she met and later married fellow student of sociology William Reid Smith. While still in school,Read MoreLooking For A Peer Review1352 Words   |  6 Pagespaper I chose to look for a peer review study that I could relate to. There are a lot of things that we grow up around and don t really notice the impact that happens around us. I am a science major in college so I have been doing experiments a long time. After reading this study I was very intrigued about how they conducted and executed their experiment in this study. I the article I read was â€Å" An Avenue for Challenging Sexism: Examining the High School Sociology Classroom.† This article was ver yRead MoreThe Social Sciences And Humanities1114 Words   |  5 Pagesas hard and require less work than science, technology, engineering, and mathematics, STEM, majors. In addition, women are still struggling to gain traction in STEM fields, and face gender bias quite frequently, as seen in the fact that women are only paid 77 cents for every dollar made by a man. We hypothesized that STEM majors would be rated as more academically competent than sociology majors. We also hypothesized that male students would be rated as more academically competent than female studentsRead MoreEssay about The Status of Single Mothers1651 Words   |  7 PagesThere is a stigma associated with women that are supported by government aid, especially single mothers. The women on welfare are often treated poorly because people think they are ‘working the system’. Tax payers feel as if the single mothers on welfare perpetuated their own poverty by having children that they cannot support, just for a bigger welfare check. They often assume that these women do not work and just live off government handouts. I know of mothers that fit this stereotype; adultsRead MoreHarriet Martineau, The Founding Mother Of Sociology924 Words   |  4 PagesHarriet Martineau, emerged as the founding mother of sociology. Inspired by Auguste Comte’s perspectives on positivism, Martineau advocated the use of scientific method and logic in sociological findings. She brought her sociological thought and studies to the United States and added a feminist voice to the field; calling for suffrage and education, she used applied sociology to advocate for change (Diniejko, 2010). Before Harriet Martineau, sociology was a field dominated by men, but her education andRead MoreCriminology And Sociology : Criminology1296 Words   |  6 PagesSummary of Criminology and Sociology: Criminology is concerned with examining the complex issues of crime and criminality to find its underlying causes. To do this criminology primarily aims to achieve answers as to why crime occurs; who is committing said crimes and how society as a whole will respond to crime with regards to policy changes and its place in the media (Australian Institute of Criminology: 2015). Sociology is the scientific study of human social interactions in a societal contextRead MoreSociological And Common Sense Understanding1341 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction to Sociology Throughout this essay, I will explain the distinction between sociological and common sense understanding, highlight the differences between sociology and other social sciences, and evaluate two sociological perspectives – Marxism and feminism. Sociology is the scientific study of human society. It examines the development of social structures, and the interaction between these structures and human behaviour. Sociologists aim to provide tools of understanding the processRead MoreGraduate Admissions Personal Statement : How Society And Social Stratification Affects Our Daily Lives1248 Words   |  5 PagesStatement I have always been passionate about how society and social stratification affects our daily lives. I believe these issues are relevant to everyone, in everyday life, and sociology affects everyone on a personal level. When I was an undergraduate student, I had a professor that opened up my mind to the study of sociology. It was at that time, that I decided, I loved the subject so much that I wanted to someday teach it on a post-secondary level. It is a subject that has broadened my horizonsRead MoreEssay on John J. Coakley on the Sociology of Sport1056 Words   |  5 Pagesact different around other friends? Sociology is the study of these and other social behaviors and how people interact with others in groups. The sociology of sport is seen as a subdivision of sociology where the main focus is on the relationship between society and sport. There are many ways to analyze the sociology of sport. One way is to look behind what society sees as real to see if things are really as they seem. Another way to analyze the sociology of sport is to objectively look at otherRead MoreWhat Is Sociology?1062 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is sociology? We can start by saying that sociology is the systematic study of human society. Sociology should be more than you find in a good documentary on a social issue. It is certainly more than listings of facts and figures about society. Instead it becomes a form of consciousness a way of thinking, a critical way of seeing the social. Seeing the general in the particular. In his short book ‘Invitation to Sociology’(1963) characterized the sociological perspective as seeing the general

History of Christianity Within the Roman Empire Free Essays

History of Christianity Within the Roman Empire Religion, one of the most important and controversial topics of all times, but where exactly did it come from? What obstacle did it have to go through to be come known? Who made it known? These are a few questions that are often asked but not always answered. There are many religions known today but in this paper I will focus on only one, Christianity. I will discuss the events, hardships and some of the important people that are valuable to make up this history of this now popular religion, in a very popular place, Rome. We will write a custom essay sample on History of Christianity Within the Roman Empire or any similar topic only for you Order Now Like almost successful thing its starts out a little rocky but finally comes out of top. Christianity was like no other religion the Roman empire had ever seen before. It challenged all its values and morals in every way possible and because of that was not a positive thing to be. Rome looked at anyone in the religion as an enemy of Rome and was a criminal who should be put to death if pronounced themselves a Christian. It all started around the year 30C. E. with one man named Jesus Christ from Galilee. When he was around 30 he spoke about a kingdom in heaven and not on Earth, conservatives called him a false profit who undermined the Jewish religion, by calling himself the son of God. Jesus went to the land to spread his simple teachings that were based upon to love God and one another, to care for each other and help those in need. The Roman saw him as revolutionary and decided to keep a close watch over him, scared that he might would cause a problem due to his such large base of followers. It wasn’t long until the Sadducees, who had control over Judea where Jesus did most of his teachings, could’t take much more. The fear of Jesus and his followers turning into a revolt against them, lead the Sadducees to turn to the Romans for help to get him out and take away the threat he may propose. They ask the Romans to arrest Jesus Christ and execute him because he was committing blasphemy, saying he was the son of God and that was prohibited. Since they couldn’t condemn anyone to death, they wanted the Romans to do it from them because they on the other hand could and so they did. Jesus was arrested on Holy Thursday and had he trial the next day on Friday. Pontius Pilate, the Roman governor was over his trial and even though Pilate did not agree with the Sadducees on the execution of Jesus, he still with through with it. When he announces the execution of Jesus Christ to the public he lets them know as well that this was not his order and has nothing to do with it but what he’s doing is simply carrying out what the Sadducees wanted to be done. Executing someone because of their religion couldn’t be done so in order for it to be done they executed him under insurrection and labeled him enemy of the state. His death began the rise of Christianity all around the land including with in the Roman Empire. Another important person in the spread of Christianity was Saul of Tauses, who later became Paul when he became a Christian. His played a great role in preaching the gospel, planting churches and establishing Christianity through out the land and around the Mediterranean Basin. He was naturally a Roman citizen and for a long time was against Christians helping in the prosecution of the church of God and cooperating in the killing of early Christians. Paul reached out to everyone including the Gentiles who were not of Jewish decent, trying to inform them of his new found religion and beliefs. After the end of his third missionary journey he was arrested and brought to Rome to have trial for his alleged crime. For two years he waited for his trial and during that time he preached from his home about the gospel but not too long after it was said that he was beheaded in Rome under the reign of Nero. At this time Christianity began to spread through Rome like a wild fire. The summer after the deaths of Jesus Christ and St. Paul Christianity began to become even more popular amongst the poorer people in Rome in 64. That year Rome had a horrible fire that lasted six days, destroying most of the city. It was rumored that the emperor of the time Nero, was to be blamed for the fire. That he did it for his own personal amusement. To take the focus and blame off of him, he placed the accusations on the Christians saying they started the fire and was to blame. This event in start of many horrific deaths of Christians, having them tortured, and treating them being killed as a sport all for the pleasure of Nero and the Roman citizens. This lasted for about the next 100 years or so and throughout this time many Christian churches were destroyed, meetings held for Christians were forbidden and those who refused to follow the rules lost their legal rights. The Romans believed that Christianity was to be disturbing a mans mind in such a way that he is really going insane and causing him to loose humanity. After years and years of Negativity and Hostility by the Roman empire things finally started to turn around with the emperor Constantine and his new enforced reform. Before the battle of Milvan, Constantine saw the Christian symbol and put it all over him and his armies battle gear and because they win the battle he in 313 he makes the Edict of Milan. The Edict of Milan legalized Christian worship by removing all discriminating legislation against them from the statute book and making the church to be recognized by civil authorities. Constantine officially stared the acceptance of Christianity in the Rome and even after his death the spread and acceptance of Christianity didn’t stop. Once the church obtained its freedom, it became more structured and stable within itself. Around 323 Christianity was made the official religion of Rome and by the end of the fourth century, the majority of the Roman citizens had converted over to the religion. Christianity played a huge role in Roman history and there are many more influential people and events that took place during this time. Although the rode for Christianity to be come accepted was long and rough, that helped make put its making history like it did. It has become one of the biggest religions known today. How to cite History of Christianity Within the Roman Empire, Essay examples

Mark ,karl Essay Example For Students

Mark ,karl Essay The worker becomes all the poorer the more wealth he produces, the more his production increases in power and range. The worker becomes an ever cheaper commodity the more commodities he creates. With the increasing value of the world of things proceeds in direct proportion to the devaluation of the world of men. Labour produces not only commodities; it produces itself and the worker as a commodity and does so in the proportion in which it produces commodities generally. Marx, Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts (1844)The philosopher, social scientist, historian and revolutionary, Karl Marx, is without a doubt the most influential socialist thinker to emerge in the 19th century. Although he was largely ignored by scholars in his own lifetime, his social, economic and political ideas gained rapid acceptance in the socialist movement after his death in 1883. Until quite recently almost half the population of the world lived under regimes that claim to be Marxist. This very success, however, has meant that the original ideas of Marx have often been modified and his meanings adapted to a great variety of political circumstances. In addition, the fact that Marx delayed publication of many of his writings meant that is been only recently that scholars had the opportunity to appreciate Marxs intellectual stature. Karl Heinrich Marx was born into a comfortable middle-class home in Trier on the river Moselle in Germany on May 5, 1818. He came a long line of rabbis on both sides of his family and his father, a man who knew Voltaire and Lessing by heart, had agreed to baptism as a Protestant so that he would not lose his job as one of the most respected lawyers in Trier. At the age of seventeen, Marx enrolled in the Faculty of Law at the University of Bonn. At Bonn he became engaged to Jenny von Westphalen, the daughter of Baron von Westphalen , a prominent member of Trier society, and man responsible for interesting Marx in Romantic literature and Saint-Simonian politics. The following year Marxs father sent him to the more serious University of Berlin where he remained four years, at which time he abandoned his romanticism for the Hegelianism which ruled in Berlin at the time. Marx became a member of the Young Hegelian movement. This group, which included the theologians Bruno Bauer and David Friedrich Strauss, produced a radical critique of Christianity and, by implication, the liberal opposition to the Prussian autocracy. Finding a university career closed by the Prussian government, Marx moved into journalism and, in October 1842, became editor, in Cologne, of the influential Rheinische Zeitung, a liberal newspaper backed by industrialists. Marxs articles, particularly those on economic questions, forced the Prussian government to close the paper. Marx then emigrated to France. Arriving in Paris of the end of 1843, Marx rapidly make contact with organized groups of migr German workers and with various sects of French socialists. He also edited the short-lived Deutsch-Franzsische Jahrbcher which was intended to bridge French socialism and the German radical Hegelians. During his first few months in Paris, Marx became a communist and set down his views in a series of writings known as the Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts (1844), which remained unpublished until the 1930s. In the Manuscripts, Marx outlined a humanist conception of communism, influenced by the philosophy of Ludwig Feuerbach and based on a contrast between the alienated nature of labor under capitalism and a communist society in which human beings freely developed their nature in cooperative production. It was also in Paris that Marx developed his lifelong partnership with Friedrich Engels (1820-1895). Marx was expelled from Paris at the end of 1844 and with Engels, moved to Brussels where he remained for the next three years, visiting England where Engels family had cottons spinning interests in Manchester. While in Brussels Marx devoted himself to an intensive study of history and elaborated what came to be known as the materialist conception of history. This he developed in a manuscript (published posthumously as The German Ideology), of which the basic thesis was that the nature of individuals depends on the material conditions determining their production. Marx traced the history of the various modes of production and predicted the collapse of the present one industrial capitalism and its replacement by communism. At the same time Marx was composing The German Ideology, he also wrote a polemic (The Poverty of Philosophy) against the idealistic socialism of P. J. Proudhon (1809-1865). He also joined the Communist League. This was an organization of German migr workers with its center in London of which Marx and Engels became the major theoreticians. At a conference of the League in London at the end of 1847 Marx and Engels were commissioned to write a succinct declaration of their position. Scarcely was The Communist Manifesto published than the 1848 wave of revolutions broke out in Europe. Early in 1848 Marx moved back to Paris when a revolution first broke out and onto Germany where he founded, again in Cologne, the Neue Rheinische Zeitung. The paper supported a radical democratic line against the Prussian autocracy and Marx devoted his main energies to its editorship since the Communist League had been virtually disbanded. Marxs paper was suppressed and he sought refuge in London in May 1849 to begin the long, sleepless night of exile that was to last for the rest of his life. Settling in London, Marx was optimistic about the imminence of a new revolutionary outbreak in Europe. He rejoined the Communist League and wrote two lengthy pamphlets on the 1848 revolution in France and its aftermath, The Class Struggles in France and The 18th Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte. He was soon convinced that a new revolution is possible only in consequence of a new crisis and then devoted himself to the study of political economy in order to determine the causes and conditions of this crisis. 12 Angry Men EssayFor Marx was before all else a revolutionist. His real mission in life was to contribute, in one way or another, to the overthrow of capitalist society and of the state institutions which it had brought into being, to contribute to the liberation of the modern proletariat, which he was the first to make conscious of its own position and its needs, conscious of the conditions of its emancipation. Fighting was his element. And he fought with a passion, a tenacity and a success such as few could rival. His work on the first Rheinische Zeitung (1842), the Paris Vorwarts (1844), the Deutsche Brusseler Zeitung (1847), the Neue Rheinische Zeitung (1848-49), the New York Tribune (1852-61), and, in addition to these, a host of militant pamphlets, work in organisations in Paris, Brussels and London, and finally, crowning all, the formation of the great International Working Mens Association this was indeed an achievement of which its founder might well have been proud even if he had done nothing else. And, consequently, Marx was the best hated and most calumniated man of his time. Governments, both absolutist and republican, deported him from their territories. Bourgeois, whether conservative or ultra-democratic, vied with one another in heaping slanders upon him. All this he brushed aside as though it were a cobweb, ignoring it, answering only when extreme necessity compelled him. And he died beloved, revered and mourned by millions of revolutionary fellow workers from the mines of Siberia to California, in all parts of Europe and America and I make bold to say that, though he may have had many opponents, he had hardly one personal enemy. His name will endure through the ages, and so also will his work. Marxs contribution to our understanding of society has been enormous. His thought is not the comprehensive system evolved by some of his followers under the name of dialectical materialism. The very dialectical nature of his approach meant that it was usually tentative and open-ended. There was also the tension between Marx the political activist and Marx the student of political economy. Many of his expectations about the future course of the revolutionary movement have, so far, failed to materialize. However, his stress on the economic factor in society and his analysis of the class structure in class conflict have had an enormous influence on history, sociology, and study of human culture. | Return to the Lecture || The History Guide | Feedback |copyright 2000 Steven KreisemailprotectedLast Revised Conditions of UseKarl Marx was communisms most zealous intellectual advocate. His comprehensive writings on the subject laid the foundation for later political leaders, notably V. I. Lenin and Mao Tse-tung, to impose communism on over twenty countries. Marx was born in Trier, Prussia (now Germany), in 1818. He studied philosophy at universities in Bonn and Berlin, earning his doctorate in Jena at the age of twenty-three. His early radicalism, first as a member of the Young Hegelians, then as editor of a newspaper suppressed for its derisive social and political content, preempted any career aspirations in academia and forced him to flee to Paris in 1843. It was then that Marx cemented his lifelong friendship with Friedrich Engels. In 1849 Marx moved to London, where he continued to study and write, drawing heavily upon works by David Ricardo and Adam Smith. Marx died in Lon don in 1883 in somewhat impoverished surroundings, never having held a job in England and relying on Engels for financial support. At the request of the Communist League, Marx and Engels coauthored their most famous work, The Communist Manifesto, published in 1848. A call to arms for the proletariatWorkers of the world, unite!the manifesto set down the principles on which communism was to evolve. Marx held that history was a series of class struggles between owners of capital (capitalists) and workers (the proletariat). As wealth became more concentrated in the hands of a few capitalists, he thought, the ranks of an increasingly dissatisfied proletariat would swell, leading to bloody revolution and eventually a classless society. It has become fashionable to think that Karl Marx was not mainly an economist but instead had integrated various disciplineseconomics, sociology, political science, history, and so on. But Mark Blaug, a noted historian of economic thought, points out that M arx wrote no more than a dozen pages on the concept of social class, the theory of the state, and the materialist conception of history. Marx, writes Blaug, wrote literally 10,000 pages on economics pure and simple. According to Marx capitalism contained the seeds of its own destruction. Communism was the inevitable end to the process of evolution begun with feudalism and passing through capitalism and socialism. Marx wrote extensively about the economic causes of this process in Capital, with volume one published in 1867 and the later two volumes, heavily edited by Engels, published posthumously in 1885 and 1894. He was a masterful economist and his rigorous analysis of capitalism in Capital is testament to the twenty years of scholarship that led up to its completion. The labor theory of value, decreasing rates of profit, and increasing concentration of wealth were key components of Marxs economic thought. His comprehensive treatment of capitalism stands in stark contrast, however , to his treatment of socialism and communism, which Marx handled only superficially. He declined to speculate on how those two economic systems would operate. Janet Beales (Janet Beales was assistant editor of this encyclopedia, on a summer fellowship with the Institute for Humane Studies. She is a policy analyst with the Reason Foundation.) Selected Works Capital, vol. 1. 1867. Reprint. 1976. Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy. 1858. Reprint. 1970. Manifesto of the Communist Party. 1848. Reprinted in Marx: The Revolutions of 1848. 1973. Wages, Price and Profits. 1865. Reprinted in Marx-Engels Selected Works, vol. 2. 1969. Words/ Pages : 2,941 / 24